[Effect of interaventricular injection of Vitamin C on the histological structural of dentate gyrus of hipocampus in epileptic rats]

Background and Objective: Hippocampus is the main region in cortex of the brain that involved in epilepsy. This study was done to determine the effect of intraventricular injection of vitamin C on histological structure of dentate gyrus of hipocampus in adult male epileptic rats

Methods: In this experimental study, 40 adult male rats were randomly allocated into 5 groups [n=8]. Animals in three groups were received vitamin C at dose [12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg/bw] during 28 days, intraventricularly after were kindled by [pentylentetrazol; 40 mg/kg]. Animals in forth group were received normal saline after were kindled by [pentylentetrazol; 40 mg/kg]. Animals in the fifth group were received normal saline. After 28 days, rats were anesthetized by ketamin, then structure of hypocamp dissected. Histological passage was done in samples and coronal section was carried out. The sections of samples were stained by Hematoxyline-eosin. Forty fields systematicly were counted the normal neurons in dentate gyrus. Morphological change was determined by immunohistochemical method

Results: The mean number of normal neurons in dentate gyrus in epileptic rats which received 25 g/kg vitamin C was more than animals in groups which were received doses of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg vitamin C [P<0.05]. This mean number of normal neurons in dentate gyrus of hypocamp in epileptic rats which received normal saline was lower than control and other experimental groups [P<0.05]. Extensive morphological change in neurons of dentate gyrus in epileptic rats which received normal saline were observed [P<0.05]. The lowest morphological change were observed in neurons of dentate gyrus in epileptic rats which received at dose 25 mg/kg vitamin C in compared to the other groups [P<0.05]

Conclusion: Intraventricular injection of vitamin C in epileptic rat's dose dependly had neuroprotective effect on dentate gyrus neurons

[ effect of Salmeterol on some parameters of pulmonary ventilation in smokers and non- smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]

Background: There are many factors that effect on the lungs capacity and treatment process in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]. Smoking, as a risk factor, is important in this process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Salmeterol on some parameters of pulmonary ventilation in smokers and non-smokers patients with COPD.

Materials and Methods: This desiccative analytical study was done on 117 patients with respiratory symptoms of COPD who had referred to an internist during 2010-2013 in Sabzevar city, Iran. Data collection methods include observation, clinical symptoms, and respiratory test [spirometry] that was performed by a physician. Before and after Salmeterol inhalation, pulmonary function tests were performed, and pulmonary parameters FEVI, FVC, FEV1% and PEF were measured and recorded. Data were analyzed using paired t test, and independent t test.

Results: Of 117 patients 75[64%] were male and 42[36%] were female. The mean age of smokers and non-smokers was 42.36 +/- 18.20 and 50.14 +/- 18.56, respectively; which was statistically significan [P<0.03]. FEV1% was significantly different in COPD patients before and after Salmeterol inhalation[97.44 +/- 10.84 and 94.75 +/- 10.81, respectively] [P<0.04]. In smokers, before Salmeterol inhalation, the mean forced expiratory volume in the first second [FEVI], was lower than nonsmokers, but after Salmeterol inhalation, was higher than nonsmokers, but not significant. Also, after Salmeterol inhalation, FEVI% was higher in non-smokers compared with smokers.

Conclusion: In smokers, COPD onset is 8 years earlier than non-smokers, and Salmeterol inhalation decreases FEVI% in COPD patients.

[Effect of ethanol on microvascular alterations in the brain cortex of epileptic mice treated by valporic acid]

Antiepileptic drugs can partiality control or achieve the convulsion. There are controversial issues about the use and effect of ethanol to control epileptic convulsion seizers. This study was done to determine the effect of ethanol on microvascular alterations in the brain cortex of epileptic mice treated by valporic acid [VPA]. In this experimental study, 36 BALB/c mice were allocated randomly into six groups including: 1-PTZ [Pentylenetetrazol], 2- Ethanol, 3- VPA+ PTZ, 4- ethanol + PTZ, 5-ethanol+ VPA+ PTZ and control groups. The animal brains were excluded and stained by Hematoxilin and eosin. Thirty-six optical microscopic field from each group were selected and microvascular count were determined. Immunohistochemical method was used for detection of injuries in the vascular brain tissue. Mean number of brain microvascular cortex significantly increaed in PTZ+ethanol and PTZ+ethanol+VPA groups in compare to controls [P<0.05]. Infiltration and thrombophlebitis were observed in vessels and cortical brain tissues in mice which received ethanol and PTZ. Proliferations in endothelial vascular cells were seen in PTZ and VPA+ethanol groups. Immunohistochemical method showed the endothelial cells of PTZ+ethanol groups were more stained in compare to the other experimental groups. Ethanol + PTZ cause cellular infiltration and damage to the cortical brain vessels although VPA reduces histological altheretions

Eye bleeding due to leech infestation in an ischemic heart-disease patient

A 49-year-old Iranian male with diagnosis of ischemic heart disease [IHD] and arterial hypertension [AH] was admitted at Emergency Ward of Vase'ee Hospital of Sabzevar, Iran. As well, the patient had red eye and left eye bleeding. On eye examination, leech infestation was found to be the cause of the eye bleeding. In the endemic regions in a patient presenting red eye and eye bleeding, leech infestation came up to be an important differential diagnosis. Therefore, to prevent leech infestation in endemic regions, local people are advised to be informed more effectively about the necessity to use safe, clean, and filtered drinking water, and a perfect scrutiny for leeches or other sources of infestation that should be undertaken before bathing

[Study of unsafe behaviors among city bus drivers in Hamadan, 2011]

Traffic transportation system despite of benefits is one center of accident. According to studies, human factors as unsafe acts and drivers mistakes are causes of accidenta happening. The main objective of this study was to Study of unsafe behaviors among city bus drivers in Ramadan. This cross-sectional study was conducted in spring of 2011. Fifty four drivers were chosen using simple random sampling among Hamadan city bus drivers. The required data gathered by using safety behavior sampling technique. Data analysis was done with Statistical tests such as t-test and one-way ANOVA. The study results indicated that 42.71% of driver's behaviors were unsafe. Double Park [24.71%], speaking [14.99%] and unsafe grasping the steering wheel [12.46%] allocated to highest percentages of unsafe behaviors. Also it was shown the rates of unsafe acts were increased in younger and low income drivers, apparently. Because of high percent of unsafe acts and considering importance of its consequences in drivers, reducing unsafe acts through investment and utilization of behavioral safety principles is required. In this regard, holding educational careers are suggested to increasing driver's awareness

[Gene experison of cell proliferative marker Ki67 in breast cancer]

Breast cancer is one of the most important malignant tumors world -wide and the second common cancer in the females. Breast cancer is associated with a number of environmental factors and genetic damages. Ki67 is a proto-oncogene which is activated in cell proliferation process. Ki67 is important in prognosis and response to chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the Ki67 gene expression in patients with breast cancer by immunohistochemistry method. This descriptive laboratory study was conducted on 80 breast cancer specimens from patients admitted to the hospitals in Sabzevar, Iran during 2005-09. Samples were fixed in formalin, the tissue processing was done and sections were stained by Hematoxilin and Eosin method. The malignancy was diagnosed by two pathologists blindly. Over expression of ki67 was determined with the immunohistochemistry method. Slides were scored into negative, weak, average and strong based on percentage of cells which were stained. The Data were analyzed by SPSS-11.5, Chi-Square and Fisher's exact tests. Ki67 proliferative marker was observed in 37 [46.3%] specimens with breast cancer. Sensivity of staining was one positive [+] in 15 cases, two positive [++] in 14 cases and three positive [+++] in 8 cases. There was a significant relationship between Ki67 gene expression and tumor type and tumor staging [P<0.05], but there was no significant relationship between Ki67 gene expression and tumor grade. It is concluded that, ki67 is expressed mostly in invasive and developed breast cancer

P53 gene expression with histopathological parameters in breast cancer patients

Background and Purpose: P53 gene is one of the genes which undergoes mutations in breast cancer. The rate of p53 gene mutation has been variously reported. However, its mutation is considered resistant to chemotherapy. This study is intended to determine p53 gene overexpression with histopathological parameters in breast cancer

Methods and Materials: This descriptive analytical research was conducted on 80 samples of non-randomized breast cancer cases admitted to hospitals in Sabzevar, Iran from 2007 to 2010

After samples were fixed in formalin, they underwent tissue processing and were stained by H and E. After malignancy diagnosis, the p53 gene overexpression was detected by immunohistochemical methods in the samples after fixation, tissue processing and antigen retrieval. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 11.5 using chi-square test

Results: Out of 80 specimens of breast cancer, p53 gene expression was observed in 39 specimens [48.8%], which was one positive [+] in 21 cases, two positive [++] in 10 cases and three positive [+++] in 8 cases. No significant relationships were observed between p53 protein stability with tumor stages, as well as age groups of over 45 years and below with tumor stages

Conclusion: P53 protein stability was detected in about half of the samples, which can signify the high rate of mutation of p53 gene in breast cancer in Sabzevar, Iran

Study of school noise in the capital city of Tehran-Iran

Noise pollution has a detrimental effect upon the learning and attainments of school children. Poor acoustical condition and high noise levels can cause many problems for the instructors and students. The acoustical indices and conditions of classrooms are important factors in the learning achievement of students. The purpose of this study was to find the relations of noise levels in indoor/outdoor and acoustical conditions of classrooms. Noise measurements and acoustical indices of 244 classrooms in 90 random samples consisting of primary, secondary and high schools in Tehran were considered. It was found that the average equivalent noise levels inside classrooms and corridors, yards and street sides in teaching condition were 72 dB[A], 65.8 dB[A], 64.1 dB[A] and 64.5 dB[A], respectively. Deference between mean indoor LAeq and background noise level in teaching conditions [above 32 dB] indicates that outdoor district noise sources could not significant affect indoor noise levels [P = 0.521]. Comparison of means between equivalent noise level in classrooms of boy schools with girl schools showed a significant difference [P=0.0001]. For the case of classrooms in primary, secondary and high school this Comparison had a significant deference [P=0.0001]. Site selection, improving acoustic quality, controlling opening in doors and windows and educating noise reduction for studied schools were proposed

compact model for predicting road traffic noise

Noise is one of the most important sources of pollution in the metropolitan areas. The recognition of road traffic noise as one of the main sources of environmental pollution has led to develop models that enable us to predict noise level from fundamental variables. Traffic noise prediction models are required as aids in the design of roads and sometimes in the assessment of existing, or envisaged changes in, traffic noise conditions. The purpose of this study was to design a prediction road traffic noise model from traffic variables and conditions of transportation in Iran. This paper is the result of a research conducted in the city of Hamadan with the ultimate objective of setting up a traffic noise model based on the traffic conditions of Iranian cities. Noise levels and other variables have been measured in 282 samples to develop a statistical regression model based on A-weighted equivalent noise level for Iranian road condition. The results revealed that the average L[Acq] in all stations was 69.04 +/- 4.25 dB[A], the average speed of vehicles was 44.57 +/- 11.46 km/h and average traffic load was 1231.9 +/- 910.2 V/h. The developed model has seven explanatory entrance variables in order to achieve a high regression coefficient [R[2]=0.901]. Comparing means of predicted and measuring equivalent sound pressure level [L[Acq]] showed small difference less than -0.42 dB[A] and -0.77 dB[A] for Tehran and Hamadan cities, respectively. The suggested road traffic noise model can be effectively used as a decision support tool for predicting equivalent sound pressure level index in the cities of Iran

macroscopic and microscopic effects of ascorbic acid on the kidney of male rabbits exposed to lead

Background and Purpose: Technological Progress and urbanization have caused lead pollution in air, water and earth, and higher lead intakes into the body have renal and nervous disorders. Since ascorbic acid acts as an can antioxidant, can it reduce the toxic effects of lead in kidneys? In order to answer this question, this study was designed to investigate the macroscopic and microscopic effects of ascorbic acid on the kidney of male rabbits exposed to lead

Methods and Materials: This experimental research was conducted on 40 white male rabbits at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. After adapting to the new environment, rabbits were randomly assigned into four groups of ten: a control group, exclusive ascorbic acid group, exclusive lead group and the fourth group receiving both lead and ascorbic acid. After a 40- day diet, they were anaesthetized by pentobarbital, and their kidneys were extracted. Tissue processing was conducted after kidneys were weighed and measured. Also, five-micron sections were prepared through serial sections, stained with H and E. The slides were studied using a light microscope. ANOVA and t-test were used in data analysis

Results: Mean weight and dimension of the Kidneys were not significantly different across the four groups. Proximal convoluted tubules were observed in the exclusive lead group, but not in other three groups

Conclusion: Ascorbic acid was effective in reducing the toxic effects of lead on kidney tissues

Study of factors affecting gene amplification in polymerase chain reaction

Background and Purpose: Technology has caused great progress in the novel molecular diagnosis and research methods in medical laboratory. Novel methods have also led to the higher accuracy rates in laboratory procedures, which are of considerable importance in clinical follow-up of genetic diseases. Therefore, this study is intended to investigate factors affecting gene amplification in polymerase chain reaction in order to enhance diagnostic accuracy

Materials and Methods: This descriptive analytical research was conducted on 61 adenocarcinoma specimens in the cellular and molecular departments of Sabzevar and Isfahan Universities of Medical Sciences in Iran. DNA was extracted by the standard kit; then, the segment AURKA gene and P53 Gene were amplified using two pairs of specific primers and different concentration Mgcl2 in a PCR assay. PCR product was electrophoresized in agarose gel

Results: Electrophoresis of PCR product with Mgcl2 concentrations of 3 and 5 mm was better than 1.5 mm. The primer with concentration of 1 mm was better than 5 and 10 mm. From the two pairs of primers used in amplifying AURKA gene axon 4, one pair of primers was better than the other pair. From the two pairs of primers used for amplifying the axon 5 of P53 gene in PCR assay, one pair was better than the other

Conclusions: Primer type and concentration of Mgcl2 are important in amplifying genes in the polymerase chain reaction assay

rapid method for estimating of noise exposure in workplaces

Noise pollution is one of the important issues of pollutant in workplaces and is almost one of the harmful agents for workers. At present, instrumental based inspections for determining the index levels of noise in workshops is performed. This method is requiring a time consuming and expensive in large scale inspection for workplaces. Classification of workplaces based on noise pollution is one of the necessaries for macro programming view of monitoring and controlling of noise. The Propose of this study was to submit a simply scientifically screening method for inspection of noise pollution in workplaces. In this experimental study, the results of instrument based and checklist based of noise investigation was compared. For designing of proposed screening checklist and instrumental measuring based, 30 workplaces with more than 20 workers in Hamadan industrial area [west of Iran] were studied. The suggested screening checklist containing a 3-10 matrix can use for recognition step of noise assessment in a large scale investigations. Comparison of the results of the noise screening test with the outcome of a noise measurement by sound level meter, gave a sensitivity of 50% and specificity of 85%. The screening test will be useable, if we only want to estimate the global noise pollution in workplaces

Road traffic noise model

The recognition of road traffic noise as one of the main sources of environmental pollution has led to develop models that enable to predict noise level from fundamental variables. Traffic noise prediction models are required as aids for designing roads and highways. In addition, sometimes are used in the assessment of existing or envisaged changes in traffic noise conditions. In this paper a statistical modelling approach has been used for predicting road traffic noise in Iranian road conditions. The study was performed during 2005-2006 in Hamadan city, in the west of Iran. The data set consisted of 282 noise measurements. The entire data set was utilized to develop a new model for Iranian condition using regression analysis. The developed model has twelve explanatory variables in order to achieve a proper fit for measured values of L[eq] [r[2]= 0.913]. The proposed road traffic noise model can be effectively used as a decision support tools for prediction of traffic noise index of L[eq[30min]], in Iran's cities